Louisa AdamsLouisa Catherine Johnson was born in London on February 12, 1775, to an American merchant father (Joshua Johnson) and an English mother (Catherine Nuth Johnson). The outbreak of the American Revolution made for tense times in London, so Johnson moved his family to France. Louisa became fluent in French and developed a love for French literature and music. The family ultimately had eight daughters and one son. Louisa's parents recognized her abilities early in life and encouraged her to develop them. Louisa became an accomplished singer and harpist, but gender norms dictated that she marry rather than pursue a career in music.
In 1790, President George Washington appointed Johnson the U.S. consul, and the family moved to a large house in Cooper's Row where they often entertained visiting Americans. In 1795, 28-year-old John Quincy Adams, the son of Vice President John Adams, was introduced to the Johnson family. He showed an interest in Louisa, and although both families voiced objections to the union, they were engaged in May 1796. Before the couple could be married, John Quincy Adams left for The Hague, thereby postponing their nuptials...
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To the end, their uneasy partnership showed that although Louisa was a loyal supporter of John Quincy Adams's political career, she was not afraid to speak her own mind when the subject was politics or anything else. Although she is often described by biographers as frail and prone to physical ailments and depression, she lived what Lyman Butterfield (editor in chief of the Adams Papers) called “an extraordinarily varied and arduous life and survived a marriage of more than five decades to one of the most trying of men.” In 1846, John Quincy Adams suffered a stroke but survived to celebrate their 50th wedding anniversary in 1847. He suffered a fatal stroke on the floor of the House of Representatives and died on February 23, 1848. Louisa Adams continued to live in Washington until her death on May 15, 1852. Upon her death, Congress adjourned for her funeral, a first for a first lady or for any woman.