Clinton, Hillary (Diane Rodham)US lawyer, Democrat senator 2001–09, first lady 1993–2001, and US secretary of state 2009–13. She was elected senator for New York in November 2000 – the first time a first lady had held public office – and was re-elected in 2006. She contested for the Democrat party's nomination for the 2008 presidential election, losing narrowly to Barack Obama. She went on to serve as President Obama's secretary of state, in charge of foreign affairs, throughout Obama's first term (2009–13). She oversaw the US response to the Arab Spring popular movement against authoritarian regimes in 2011 and US military intervention in 2011 against Libya. With the USA facing military spending constraints, she emphasized the use of ‘smart power’, combining military strength with diplomatic influence and reliance on allies. In July 2016, she won the Democrats' presidential nomination, becoming the first woman to be nominated by a major party. She went on to win a higher share of the popular vote in the November 2016 presidential election than her Republican opponent, billionaire businessman Donald Trump, who ran a populist, anti-establishment and anti-immigration campaign that included many false accusations and strong personal attacks on her integrity. However, Trump won a majority in the electoral college, which elects the president, as his support was more concentrated in key ‘swing states’...