Reference
- Rumination DisorderRumination disorder is mainly an eating disorder of infancy and childhood. After a period of normal development, an infant or child begins repeatedly and voluntarily to regurgitate and either spit out or (more commonly) rechew food. The food is regurgitated shortly after feeding. Retching or nausea associated with normal regurgitation is not usually seen.
The disorder is uncommon but generally occurs in members of two different groups at different ages. In developmentally normal children, onset is usually at about 3–12 months of age, whereas in those with mental retardation, onset is not until about 5–6 years of age (Kerwin & Berkowitz,). Onset has also been observed in adults. Mortality rate, reported as high as 25% (American Psychiatric Association [APA], ), appears to be declining in infants, perhaps because of medical advances (Kerwin & Berkowitz,).
Affected infants and children may adopt a stance with the back arched and head held back while straining and may thrust their tongue or abdomen during regurgitation (Kerwin & Berkowitz,). Children may show some signs of satisfaction or enjoyment after regurgitating but also be irritable between episodes. Malnutrition may occur even in cases in which children eat unusually large amounts of food (APA,).
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Streaming Media
- Esophageal Disorders: Manometry, Belch, Rumination, Dysphagia, EoE | UCLA Digestive DiseasesEsophageal Manometry, Gastric Belch, Supragastric Belch, Rumination Syndrome, Phantom Dysphagia, Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE)
- "I Have Rumination Syndrome" | Retraining Albert's StomachAlbert started his sophomore year of high school in a suburb outside of Chicago, Illinois as an honors student, a football player and a wrestler. He ended his sophomore year with a mystery illness that left him unable to attend classes, play sports or hang out with friends…because he was vomiting more than 30 times a day. It would take years of hospital visits, specialist appointments and extensive medical tests before Albert finally got answers. Those answers would come from several states away at Nationwide Children’s Hospital (http://bit.ly/2XjeRcj) in Columbus, Ohio. It’s where pediatric gastroenterologist, Dr. Desale Yacob, was able to officially diagnose him with rumination syndrome (http://bit.ly/33Xe832), a rare condition that causes food and liquid to be regurgitated shortly after it is swallowed. For Albert, having an accurate diagnosis meant there was hope he would finally able to eat and drink again when he began treatment at Nationwide Children’s.
Articles
- Pica and rumination behavior among individuals seeking treatment for eating disorders or obesity: DSM-5 PICA and Rumination DisorderPica and rumination disorder (RD)—formerly classified within DSM-IV Feeding and Eating Disorders of Infancy or Early Childhood—are now classified within DSM-5 Feeding and Eating Disorders. Though pica and RD have been
studied in select populations (e.g., pregnant women, intellectually disabled persons), their typical features and overall prevalence remain unknown. This study
examined the clinical characteristics and frequency of DSM-5 pica and RD among individuals seeking treatment for eating disorders and obesity. - What is pica and rumination disorder? Diagnosis and treatment approaches (tur)Pica and rumination disorder are described under the heading of nutrition and eating disorders in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th ed. In
children and adolescents there is limited epidemiological data for both disorders. Psychosocial and biochemical factors come to the forefront in etiology. Particularly low
socioeconomic level, neglect, abuse, inadequate maternal-child interaction and strong association of disorders have been shown. The relationship between pica and
micronutrient deficiencies, including iron, calcium and zinc, is well defined. Children with developmental disabilities are more at risk for many problem behaviors, but pica is especially important because it can result in
life-threatening medical consequences. - Development of the Pica, ARFID, and Rumination Disorder Interview, a multi‐informant, semi‐structured interview of feeding disorders across the lifespan: A pilot study for ages 10–22Objective Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), pica, and rumination disorder (RD) were added to the revised DSM‐5 Feeding and Eating Disorders chapter in 2013. We developed a structured interview—the Pica, ARFID, and Rumination Disorder Interview (PARDI)—to assess the presence and severity of these diagnoses for evaluation and treatment planning in clinical and research settings. Here, we describe the development of the PARDI and provide a preliminary report on feasibility, acceptability, reliability, and validity in relation to ARFID. Method We created an initial item pool from existing measures of similar constructs and clinical experience. The PARDI includes items assessing the level of endorsement and overall severity of common ARFID features organized into profiles (i.e., sensory sensitivity, lack of interest in eating, and fear of aversive consequences) and algorithms for diagnosing ARFID, pica, and RD.
Perspectives
Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disorders
Uses a biopsychosocial approach to assessment and management of GI disorders in children Includes a section of clinical case studies that includes common patient and family questions and answers
Eating Disorders: the Facts
Eating Disorders: The Facts is a comprehensive and accessible guide to the major eating disorders namely anorexia nervosa, anorexia nervosa not for weight or shape, exercise disorder, bulimia nervosa, purging disorder, rumination disorder, binge eating disorder and atypical.Sympathetically and clearly written, this guide considers why eating disorders occur, and then looks at each in turn, describing the eating behaviours, diagnosis, and treatments available.The opening chapters tackle adolescent eating behaviours and infertility, pregnancy and the postpartum period.Case histories and patient perspectives provide insights into the mind of the eating disorder sufferer, making it easier for patients and their families to relate to the topics discussed.Revised and updated new topics include contribution of epigenetics (in utero contribution), attachment in perinatal and early years, and the negative and positive impact of the internet and social media. Eating Disorders: The Facts provides an authoritative resource on eating disorders that willprove valuable for sufferers and their families.
Eating and Growth Disorders in Infants and Children
Do certain eating disorders directly correlate with neglect and abuse? What do eating and growth disorders have in common? Are some treatment methods more successful than others in treating such disorders? Exploring these and other questions, this volume examines the relevant literature on each major eating and growth disorder from infancy to childhood. Anorexia nervosa, obesity, failure to thrive and psychosocial dwarfism are among the major disorders considered. The author describes the emergence and course of each specific disorder, discusses known or suspected risk factors, and examines unresolved clinical and research issues. Woolston also stresses the advantages of using a multidisciplinary team approach.