Reference
- Dysgraphia: Credo ReferenceDysgraphia is a disorder characterized by writing difficulties. More specifically, it is defined as difficulty in automatically remembering and mastering the sequence of muscle motor movements needed in writing letters or numbers. The difficulty writing is incongruent with the person’s ability and is not due to poor instruction. The disorder varies in terms of severity, ranging from mild to severe.
Online Resources
- Cognitive Profiles of Developmental DysgraphiaDevelopmental dysgraphia is a disorder of writing/spelling skills, closely related to developmental dyslexia. For developmental dyslexia, profiles with a focus on phonological, attentional, visual or auditory deficits have recently been established. Unlike for developmental dyslexia, however, there are only few studies about dysgraphia, in particular about the variability of its causes. Research has demonstrated high similarity between developmental dyslexia and dysgraphia.
- Developmental dysgraphia: An overview and framework for research.Developmental deficits in the acquisition of writing skills (developmental dysgraphias) are common and have significant consequences, yet these deficits have received relatively little attention from researchers. We offer a framework for studying developmental dysgraphias (including both spelling and handwriting deficits), arguing that research should be grounded in theories describing normal cognitive writing mechanisms and the acquisition of these mechanisms. We survey the current state of knowledge concerning developmental dysgraphia, discussing potential proximal and distal causes. One conclusion emerging from this discussion is that developmental writing deficits are diverse in their manifestations and causes.
Streaming Media
- What is Dysgraphia?Dysgraphia, what does it mean? What are the symptoms of dysgraphia?What can you as a parent do to help your child lead a normal life with dysgraphia? Find answers to these questions, and more, in this insightful video.
- What is Dysgraphia? Causes, Risks, DiagnoseIf dysgraphia appears in childhood, it’s usually the result of a problem with orthographic coding. This is an aspect of working memory that allows you to permanently remember written words, and the way your hands or fingers must move to write those words.
Perspectives
Coping with Dyslexia, Dysgraphia and ADHD
Coping with Dyslexia, Dysgraphia and ADHD: A Global Perspective uniquely incorporates dyslexia, dysgraphia, and ADHD into one volume, offering practical advice on how to manage each of these disorders. McBride combines a solid research base with interviews with specialists in learning disabilities, as well as parents, teachers, and students with personal knowledge of each difficulty from six continents. The innovative cross-cultural focus of the book is emphasized in the introduction, which is followed by one chapter each on the basics of each of these learning difficulties and another three chapters on their remediation. The book goes on to cover topics such as comorbidities across learning or other difficulties, learning of multiple languages, facilitating self-esteem, and enhancing reading comprehension and writing composition in the face of dyslexia, dysgraphia, and ADHD. Appendices with short, practical tips on learning, multi-media resources, and ways to test and train cognitive-linguistic skills are included as an additional resource. Coping with Dyslexia, Dysgraphia and ADHD: A Global Perspective is intended for practitioners, teachers, parents, and those with any or all of these learning difficulties. University or postgraduate students who wish to understand more about dyslexia, dysgraphia, and/or ADHD will also benefit from the clear analysis. With this book, the reader will not only come to understand the fundamental nature of these learning difficulties, but will also get to know the people whose lives are so deeply affected by them.
Using Creativity to Address Dyslexia, Dysgraphia, and Dyscalculia
Designed to help educators recognize and nurture students with dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dyscalculia, this book guides readers through best practices for using creativity theory and strategies to address the learning challenges for students who have difficulty in acquiring literacy and mathematics content. Offering concrete examples of creativity assessment and pedagogical techniques, chapters are supported by rich appendices providing assessment and screening checklists, time telling objectives, learning trouble spots, a creative approach to teaching place value, and a handy cross-referencing table. Accessible and thorough, this up-to-date guide will help educators develop strategies that acknowledge students' creative strengths to address learning challenges across the literacy and mathematics curricula.
Teaching Students with Dyslexia and Dysgraphia, OWL LD, and Dyscalculia
How can teachers provide effective instruction for students with learning disabilities while meeting the needs of all students? The second edition of this accessible text gives K - 12 educators research-based answers, straight from two highly respected voices in the field. The first teacher training text to cover all four learning disabilities that require differentiated instruction -- dysgraphia, dyslexia, dyscalculia, and oral and written language learning disability (OWL LD)-- this book prepares educators to deliver explicit and engaging instruction customized to the needs of their students. Critical insights from diverse fields blend with lessons learned from actual teaching experience, making this an ideal preservice text and a great in-service professional development tool. This is the book teachers need to: strengthen instruction with current research findings from many fields; help all students (including students with specific learning disabilities) develop oral and written language skills and proficiency with math concepts and problem solving; use differentiated instruction to organize their classrooms, routines, and lesson plans; uncover both the why and the how of differentiated instruction, so they can adapt their teaching techniques as needed; apply a specific instructional framework that helps students overcome working memory inefficiencies and related problems; and create a positive learning environment that promotes intellectual engagement and social emotional development. The second edition has a timely new chapter on using technology for accommodations and explicit instruction; Research Lessons that demystify new findings; Teaching Tips featuring educators' voices of experience; more on in-service preparation for educators on interdisciplinary school teams; guidelines on addressing current challenges in the field; and coverage of specific learning disabilities related to math.
Coping with Dyslexia, Dysgraphia and ADHD
Coping with Dyslexia, Dysgraphia and ADHD: A Global Perspective uniquely incorporates dyslexia, dysgraphia, and ADHD into one volume, offering practical advice on how to manage each of these disorders. McBride combines a solid research base with interviews with specialists in learning disabilities, as well as parents, teachers, and students with personal knowledge of each difficulty from six continents. The innovative cross-cultural focus of the book is emphasized in the introduction, which is followed by one chapter each on the basics of each of these learning difficulties and another three chapters on their remediation. The book goes on to cover topics such as comorbidities across learning or other difficulties, learning of multiple languages, facilitating self-esteem, and enhancing reading comprehension and writing composition in the face of dyslexia, dysgraphia, and ADHD. Appendices with short, practical tips on learning, multi-media resources, and ways to test and train cognitive-linguistic skills are included as an additional resource. Coping with Dyslexia, Dysgraphia and ADHD: A Global Perspective is intended for practitioners, teachers, parents, and those with any or all of these learning difficulties. University or postgraduate students who wish to understand more about dyslexia, dysgraphia, and/or ADHD will also benefit from the clear analysis. With this book, the reader will not only come to understand the fundamental nature of these learning difficulties, but will also get to know the people whose lives are so deeply affected by them.
Helping Your Child with Language-Based Learning Disabilities
Based in cutting-edge research in neuroscience, education, and the principles of attachment-based teaching, this important guide for parents offers tools and practices to help children transcend language-based learning difficulties, do better in school, and gain self-confidence and self-esteem. If your child has a language-based learning difficulty--such as dyscalculia, dyslexia, and auditory processing disorder--they may have to work twice as hard to keep up with their peers in school. Your child may also have feelings of frustration, anger, sadness, or shame as a result of their learning differences. As a parent, it hurts to see your child struggle. But the good news is that there are proven-effective strategies you can learn to help your child be their best. This book will show you how. Helping Your Child with Language-Based Learning Disabilities outlines an attachment-based approach to help your child succeed based in the latest research. This research indicates that a secure attachment relationship between you and your child actually optimizes their learning ability by enhancing motivation, regulating anxiety, and triggering neuroplasticity. In this book, you'll discover why it's so important to accurately assess your child, find new perspectives on LBLDs based on the most current studies, and discover tips and strategies for navigating school, home life, and your child's future. Most importantly, you'll learn how your own special bond with your child can help spark their interest in reading, writing, and math. Every child is unique--and every child learns in his or her own way. With this groundbreaking guide, you'll be able to help your child thrive, in school and life.
Websites
- Dysgraphia-National Center for Biotechnology InformationDysgraphia is defined as a difficulty or inability to clearly and correctly communicate through written language. This evaluation requires adjustment to the patient's age and education. Syntaxis errors, ineligible handwriting, odd spelling, and inaccurate word production are common. Writing is a complex task that requires exquisite coordination of higher levels of complex cognitive domains, including expressive language and fine motor skills...
- Dysgraphia Information Page-National Institute of Neurological Disorders and TreatmentDysgraphia is a neurological disorder characterized by writing disabilities. Specifically, the disorder causes a person's writing to be distorted or incorrect. In children, the disorder generally emerges when they are first introduced to writing. They make inappropriately sized and spaced letters, or write wrong or misspelled words, despite thorough instruction. Children with the disorder may have other learning disabilities; however, they usually have no social or other academic problems.
- Understanding Dysgraphia-International Dyslexia AssociationDysgraphia is a Greek word. The base word graph refers both to the hand’s function in writing and to the letters formed by the hand. The prefix dys indicates that there is impairment. Graph refers to producing letter forms by hand. The suffix ia refers to having a condition. Thus, dysgraphia is the condition of impaired letter writing by hand, that is, disabled handwriting. Impaired handwriting can interfere with learning to spell words in writing and speed of writing text. Children with dysgraphia may have only impaired handwriting, only impaired spelling (without reading problems), or both impaired handwriting and impaired spelling.