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Human & Animal Experimentation & Ethics: Human Subject Experimentation

Medical Experimentation

Perspectives

Against Their Will

During the Cold War, an alliance between American scientists, pharmaceutical companies, and the US military pushed the medical establishment into ethically fraught territory. Doctors and scientists at prestigious institutions were pressured to produce medical advances to compete with the perceived threats coming from the Soviet Union. InAgainst Their Will, authors Allen Hornblum, Judith Newman, and Gregory Dober reveal the little-known history of unethical and dangerous medical experimentation on children in the United States. Through rare interviews and the personal correspondence of renowned medical investigators, they document how children--both normal and those termed "feebleminded"--from infants to teenagers, became human research subjects in terrifying experiments. They were drafted as "volunteers" to test vaccines, doused with ringworm, subjected to electric shock, and given lobotomies. They were also fed radioactive isotopes and exposed to chemical warfare agents. This groundbreaking book shows how institutional superintendents influenced by eugenics often turned these children over to scientific researchers without a second thought. Based on years of archival work and numerous interviews with both scientific researchers and former test subjects, this is a fascinating and disturbing look at the dark underbelly of American medical history.

Medical Apartheid

Medical Apartheid is the first and only comprehensive history of medical experimentation on African Americans. Starting with the earliest encounters between black Americans and Western medical researchers and the racist pseudoscience that resulted, it details the ways both slaves and freedmen were used in hospitals for experiments conducted without their knowledge-a tradition that continues today within some black populations. It reveals how blacks have historically been prey to grave-robbing as well as unauthorized autopsies and dissections. Moving into the twentieth century, it shows how the pseudoscience of eugenics and social Darwinism was used to justify experimental exploitation and shoddy medical treatment of blacks, and the view that they were biologically inferior, oversexed, and unfit for adult responsibilities. Shocking new details about the government's notorious Tuskegee experiment are revealed, as are similar, less-well-known medical atrocities conducted by the government, the armed forces, prisons, and private institutions. The product of years of prodigious research into medical journals and experimental reports long undisturbed, Medical Apartheid reveals the hidden underbelly of scientific research and makes possible, for the first time, an understanding of the roots of the African American health deficit. At last, it provides the fullest possible context for comprehending the behavioral fallout that has caused black Americans to view researchers-and indeed the whole medical establishment-with such deep distrust. No one concerned with issues of public health and racial justice can afford not to read Medical Apartheid, a masterful book that will stir up both controversy and long-needed debate.

Human Experimentation

The medical experiments of World War II -- The Tuskegee experiment -- Military research and human subjects -- Human radiation experiments -- Research and ethics : the principle of informed consent.

Ethics in Research with Human Participants

In addition to laying the moral foundations of research with human participants, the examples and analyses in this work help to guide researchers in identifying conflicts of interest and solving ethical dilemmas, planning research, recruiting participants and maintaining trust.

Doing Research with Children

`The precise way in which the authors take the reader through the processes of doing research is helpful to anyone embarking on research with children, so EPs in training, who have chosen children as their subjects for research, would find this book helpful. Practising EPs are recommended to borrow a copy from their localuUniversity library when considering a child-centered research project′ - Educational Psychology This book provides a comprehensive and practical introduction to undertaking a research project with children. Divided into three sections, the first introduces the main theories and approaches in doing research with children. In the second part, the different frameworks and techniques for conducting both qualitative and quantitative research with children are outlined. The final section develops an important underlying theme of the book - the unique nature of children as research subjects - by introducing special ethical issues raised in research with children.

Online Resources

Bioethics: The Law, Medicine, and Ethics of Reproductive Technologies and Genetics

Introduction to Bioethics: Bioethics at the Bedside