Mongol Empire, GreatAfter uniting the Turco-Mongol tribes and being declared Great Fierce Khan, Chinggis began his conquests of the settled lands. After conquering Northern China he looked west for trade but was forced into conflict. On his death his empire stretched from China to Russia and his sons continued the expansion. In China and Iran multicultural regimes were founded and trade links were established from Europe to China.
The world's most extensive ever contiguous empire was born in the year of the Tiger, 1206, when the people of the felt-walled tents and the nine tongues gathered at the source of the Onan River and hoisted the white standard with nine tails and recognized the ennoblement of Temujin son of Yisügei, with the title Chinggis Khan (Genghis Khan), and the supremacy of his word and his commands over the lands and people of the Eurasian steppe, the Yeke Mongqol Ulus (the Nation of the Great Mongols) (Rachewiltz 2006: 133, 759, no. 202). Temujin's first act as the Great Khan, Chinggis or Fierce Khan, was to name his loyal and steadfast followers as his commanders of a thousand, and singled out his “four hounds” and “four best geldings.” It was those eight military commanders who became the key architects of Chinggis Khan's military machine which erupted from the heart of the Turco-Mongol steppe lands and swarmed invincibly out across the sedentary lands to the south, east, and west.
According to tradition, Temujin was born with a clot of blood the size of a knuckle bone grasped in his hand to a noble family descended from a blue-grey wolf and a fallow doe. His illustrious lineage is detailed in the Secret History of the Mongols, the chronicle upon which much of our knowledge concerning the Mongols and their greatest leader is based. Completed during the year of the Rat, in the month of the Roebuck at the time of the Great Quriltai, the Secret History has engendered controversy ever since about everything from the definition of the year of the Rat which is possibly 1228, 1240, 1252, 1264, or 1324 to the extent that redacting has shaped the final version, and political editing and pressure has influenced the presentation of events in this official portrayal of the Chinggisid Empire (Rachewiltz 2006: 320–321 no. 59).