Reference
- Childhood Disintegrative Disorderhildhood disintegrative disorder (CDD) is classified as a pervasive developmental disorder and is characterized by at least 2 years of normal early development followed by profound loss of previously acquired skills in the areas of cognition, communication, motor control, and bowel and bladder control. Once established, behaviors manifested as a result of CDD are indistinguishable from those of autism. Previously, CDD has been referred to as Heller’s syndrome, dementia infantilis, and disintegrative psychosis (Filipek et al.,).
Etiology of the disorder is unknown; however, marked disintegration of functioning after a normal period of development suggests that the underlying mechanism is organic (e.g., neurobiological disorder or medical condition). Neurologic conditions such as tuberous sclerosis, neurolipidoses, and metachromatic leucodystrophyas have been implicated with the disorder, as have pertussis and measles (Volkmar,). Children with CDD have been shown to have abnormal epileptiform electroencephalograms; however, if seizures occur, they are rarely the first sign. More often than not, seizures occur after the onset of CDD (Malhotra & Gupta,).
CDD is a rare condition with prevalence rates reported to be about 1 per 100,000 children (Malhotra & Gupta,). Because CDD shares a number of features with other pervasive developmental disorders, it is often indistinguishable. Children with CDD have impaired communication (verbal and nonverbal), poor social interactions, and stereotypic behaviors and interests, like children with autism. There is some indication that CDD may be more common in males than females; given how rare the disorder is, however, this remains unclear. Critical to the diagnosis of CDD is a history of normal development up to the age of 2 years followed by a marked decline. This “normal” period of development distinguishes CDD from infantile autism.
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Perspectives
When autism strikes : families cope with childhood disintegrative disorder
To lose a child is tragic; to lose a child who still lives is beyond comprehension. Yet this is the experience of the mothers and fathers who tell their very personal stories in this important book. Their children, born healthy and happy, lost their minds to a mysterious disorder with no known cause or cure: Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (CDD). Also called late-onset autism, this malady differs from typical autism in that it afflicts children after one to three years of apparently normal development, and long-term deterioration may lead to even poorer behavioral and developmental functioning. How do families respond to such ever-present loss? In When Autism Strikes, the parents of eight such children from around the world present their own stories, in their own words. They describe their first suspicions, their struggles to find a cause, and the means by which they cope, day to day. Heartbreaking yet inspiring, this courageous document brings to light a scientific mystery and a human tragedy.
Essentials of Autism Spectrum Disorders Evaluation and Assessment
Quickly acquire the knowledge and skills you need to utilize the varied assessments frequently used in evaluating autism spectrum disorders With both the detection and awareness of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) on the rise, there is an urgent need for an increasing number of professionals to not only learn about the nature and course of the various autism spectrum disorders, but also to know how to identify, assess, and diagnose the presence of these disorders. Essentials of Autism Spectrum Disorders Evaluation and Assessment addresses the main domains of assessment, defines the purpose of the assessment, suggests test instruments, and discusses the unique clinical applications of each instrument to the diagnosis of ASD. Like all the volumes in the Essentials of Psychological Assessment series, each concise chapter features numerous callout boxes highlighting key concepts, bulleted points, and extensive illustrative material, as well as test questions that help you gauge and reinforce your grasp of the information covered. Providing an in-depth look at ASD evaluation and assessment, this straightforward book includes samples of integrated reports from comprehensive model diagnostic evaluations and prepares clinical and school psychologists, as well as speech and language pathologists, to effectively evaluate and assess ASD. Complete coverage of the identification andassessment of autism spectrum disorders Expert advice on avoiding common pitfalls Conveniently formatted for rapid reference Other titles in the Essentials of Psychological Assessment series: Essentials of Dyslexia Assessment and Intervention Essentials of Assessment Report Writing Essentials of School Neuropsychological Assessment Essentials of Evidence-Based Academic Interventions Essentials of Specific Learning Disability Identification Essentials of Processing Assessment Essentials of Executive Function Assessment Essentials of Cross-Battery Assessment, Second Edition
Childhood Disintegrative Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder | Chirag Mehra | DMCN
- Childhood Disintegrative Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder | Chirag Mehra | DMCNIn this podcast, Chirag Mehra discusses his paper 'Childhood disintegrative disorder and autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review'.
Online Resources
- Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (CDD): Symptomatology of the Norwegian Patient Population and Parents’ Experiences of Patient RegressionChildhood Disintegrative Disorder (CDD) is a rare and little researched developmental disorder characterised by regression in language and social skills after a period of seemingly normal development until at least the age of 2 years. The study contacted all parents of CDD patients in Norway to assess patient symptomatology and parents’ experiences of regression via questionnaire or interview. There were 12 participants. Symptomatology was in-line with previous studies, with universal regression in language and social skills and onset predominantly at 2–4 years. Regression was connected to feelings of ‘loss’ and uncertainty over the prognosis for CDD patients. The study supported CDD diagnostic criteria and showed that CDD patient regression has profound implications for parental well-being.
- Childhood disintegrative disorder: Re-examination of the current concept.Childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD), which is classified as a sub-type of pervasive developmental disorder (PDD), has been recognised for many years. Research data on CDD, however, is sparse and it primarily describes the clinical parameters. In this research report clinical data on 12 cases of CDD and 21 cases of typical autism, seen during a specified period, are compared and critically evaluated in reference to the diagnostic criteria in ICD-10 for these disorders. While the findings support the clinical validity of CDD, these also highlight the limitations of the current criteria (ICD-10) particularly the age of onset in CDD and the conceptual confusion in labelling it as a ‘PDD’. Need for more research in the areas of the biology, course and outcome of CDD is emphasised.
What is Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (CDD) | Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatments
- What is Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (CDD) | Symptoms, Diagnosis & TreatmentsIn this video I will be talking about Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (CDD), also known as Heller syndrome, a rare condition that affects a child's development causing regression in skills they have already acquired.
Symptoms of CDD typically appear between ages 2 and 10, with regression in language ability, socialization, and moral skills. The diagnosis requires evaluation by qualified health care professionals, and there is currently no cure for CDD, but early intervention and treatment can help manage symptoms and improve a child's quality of life.
Treatment typically includes a combination of behavioral, educational, and pharmacological interventions, as well as alternative therapies and parental support.
Websites
- Childhood Disintegrative Disorder-Birth Defect Research for ChildrenChildren with Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (CDD) develop normally until age 3 or 4 when they start to lose previously acquired social, language and motor skills. This can happen over a period of months. CDD is sometimes called Heller Syndrome and is part of the larger category Autistic Spectrum Disorders. Most children with this condition regress until they have permanent impairment similar to a ten-year-old child with severe autism. The cause of CDD is not known.
- Childhood disintegrative disorder-Genetic and Rare Diseases Information CenterResearch helps us better understand diseases and can lead to advances in diagnosis and treatment. This section provides resources to help you learn about medical research and ways to get involved.
- Childhood disintegrative disorder-PubMed CentralWe are presenting a case of a 10-year-old female child who presented with normal development till 5 years of age followed by deterioration in previously acquired language and social skills with stereotypic hand movements suggestive of childhood disintegrative disorder. This case is reported as this condition is very rare.
Autism Spectrum Disorder, Causes, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Causes, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis and TreatmentAutism spectrum, also known as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or autism spectrum condition (ASC), is a range of neurodevelopmental disorders that includes autism and related conditions. Individuals on the spectrum present with two types of symptoms: problems in social communication and social interaction, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities. Symptoms are typically recognized between one and two years of age.Long term issues may include difficulties in creating and keeping relationships, maintaining a job, and performing daily tasks.
The cause of autism spectrum is uncertain.Risk factors include having an older parent, a family history of the condition, and certain genetic conditions.Diagnosis is based on symptoms.The DSM-5 redefined the autism spectrum disorders to encompass the previous diagnoses of autism, Asperger syndrome, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), and childhood disintegrative disorder.