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Vietnam War: Chemical Warfare

A research guide covering the major aspects of the Vietnam War.

Internet Resources

Agent Orange: Time Bomb

After 40 years of uninterrupted war, Vietnam eventually came out of it, on April 30, 1975. Yet the US army left a poison which is invisible today: dioxin. This powerful chemical weapon, produced by the multinational company Monsanto and better known as "Agent Orange", took possession of Vietnam's earth, water, and vegetation. Billions of Vietnamese people are victims of dioxin. They are suffering from serious deformities and cancers. 40 years after the last spreading, dioxin keeps wreaking havoc. Beyond the Vietnamese case, what are the States' responsibilities concerning their weapons choices and uses during armed conflicts? What are the potential compensations towards the victims and the devastated countries?

Source: AVON

What Is Agent Orange?

 

Agent Orange was a chemical herbicide used during the Vietnam War that had a devastating impact long after the conflict ended.

Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uJaJbq9aRFI

Orange Witness

Orange Witness serves as a platform for those exposed to and affected by Agent Orange to tell their stories. Weaving audio interviews and archival footage the film paints a bleak picture of the damage caused by the use of herbicides 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T and TCCD internationally. Historically, Agent Orange has been associated with war, but the industrial and domestic of use of the chemical is revealed.

Source: Kanopy

Perspectives

Agent Orange: The Last Battle

The United States government used defoliants during the Vietnam War to curtail crop production and to eliminate enemy hiding positions. The defoliants were believed to be un-harmful to humans, which has been proven to be false. Illustrates the plight of two American Vietnam veterans who are dealing with life after being exposed to Agent Orange.

The History, Use, Disposition and Environmental Fate of Agent Orange

For almost four decades, controversy has surrounded the tactical use of herbicides in Southeast Asia by the United States military. Few environmental or occupational health issues have received the sustained international attention that has been focused on Agent Orange, the major tactical herbicide deployed in Southern Vietnam. With the opening and establishment of normal relations between the United States and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 1995, the time has come for a thorough re-examination of the military use of Agent Orange and other "tactical herbicides" in Southern Vietnam, and the subsequent actions that have been taking place since their use in Vietnam. The United States Department of Defense has had the major role in all military operations involving the use of tactical herbicides, including that of Agent Orange. This included the Department's purchase, shipment and tactical use of herbicides in Vietnam, its role in the disposition of Agent Orange after Vietnam, its role in conducting long-term epidemiological investigations of the men of Operation RANCH HAND, and its sponsorship of ecological and environmental fate studies. This book was commissioned by The Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Installations and Environment) with the intent of providing documentation of the knowledge on the history, use, disposition and environmental fate of Agent Orange and its associated dioxin.

Battle's Poison Cloud

Effects on Vietnamese population, over three generations, of toxic chemicals used during Vietnam War including Agent Orange, containing dioxin. Failure of US to acknowledge its part in contamination, despite effects on US veterans and their offspring being recognised.

Vietnam: The Secret Agent

Using striking archive and war footage in support of interviews with veterans, scientists, attorneys, the U.S. Air Force, the Veterans Administration, Dow Chemical and more; this film documents the extraordinary history of chemical warfare, agricultural herbicides, damage to the world environment, and the plight of Vietnam veterans and their families as they struggle for treatment of exposure to Agent Orange and dioxin.

Source: Kanopy

The Dark Shadow of Agent Orange

 

The use of Agent Orange during the Vietnam War continues to cast a dark shadow over both American veterans and the Vietnamese.

Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzvTB0mOS0w