Reference
- Origin of Life, Theories OfModern advances in biology, geology, chemistry, and astronomy have allowed us to elaborate models and hypotheses on the origin of life on Earth within the framework of the evolutionary theory. About four billion years ago, a rich inventory of organic compounds accumulated on the planet, as a product of volcanic, atmospheric, and cosmic chemistry. As chemical systems became increasingly more complex, a critical point was reached with the appearance of self-replicative polymers. This marks the possibility of optimizing abiotic systems by natural selection and historical contingency, which were added to the determinism of abiotic chemistry. A landmark of the origin of life was the articulation of suprachemical systems, such as self-reproductive vesicles, self-maintained chemical networks, and self-replicative polymers, under the conditions of the primitive Earth. Albeit most details remain unknown, the stepwise processes involved in the origin of life are scientifically comprehensible and experimentally reproducible.
The current controversies on the origin of life have deep historical and philosophical roots. In this sense, the scientific discussion of life emergence does not differ from other intellectual conflicts in biology and has developed through different, sometimes incompatible, models (Figure 1). Thus, the whole diversity of processes and scenarios, the abiotic generation of chemical complexity in the primitive Earth, both endogenous (atmosphere, sea surface, submarine chimneys) and exogenous (meteorites, comets, interstellar dust particles), and the role of minerals (catalysis and stability) and different energy sources (electromagnetic, chemical) invite us to an eclectic vision of the origin-of-life problem where the heterogeneity of mechanisms and conditions will be essential to assemble a coherent historical narrative.
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Credo Reference is an easy-to-use tool for starting research. Gather background information on your topic from hundreds of full-text encyclopedias, dictionaries, thesauri, quotations, and subject-specific titles, as well as 500,000+ images and audio files and over 1,000 videos.
Perspectives
The Evolving Universe and the Origin of Life
Sir Isaac Newton famously said, regarding his discoveries, "If I have seen further it is by standing upon the shoulders of giants." The Evolving Universe and the Origin of Life describes, complete with fascinating biographical details of the thinkers involved, the ascent to the metaphorical shoulders accomplished by the greatest minds in history. For the first time, a single book can take the reader on a journey through the history of the universe as interpreted by the expanding body of knowledge of humankind. From subatomic particles to the protein chains that form life, and expanding in scale to the entire universe, this book covers the science that explains how we came to be. The Evolving Universe and the Origin of Life contains a great breadth of knowledge, from astronomy to physics, from chemistry to biology. It includes over 350 figures that enhance the comprehension of concepts both basic and advanced, and is a non-technical, easy-to-read text at an introductory college level that is ideal for anyone interested in science as well as its history.
Creation and Double Chaos
Scientist and theologian Sjoerd Bonting offers a new overarching framework for thinking about issues in religion and science. He looks at the creation controversy itself, including biblical perspectives, tradtional doctrines, and the particular potential contribution of chaos theory. Finally, Bonting extends this perspective, a combination of chaos theory and chaos theology he calls "double-chaos," into a framework that addresses traditional questions about evil, divine agency, soteriology, the understanding of disease, possible extraterrestrial life, and the future.
Genesis - in the Beginning
Genesis - In The Beginning deals with the origin and diversity of Life and early biological evolution and discusses the question of where (hot or cold sources) and when the beginning of Life took place. Among the sections are chapters dealing with prebiotic chemical processes and considering self-replication of polymers in mineral habitats. One chapter is dedicated to the photobiological regime on early Earth and the emergence of Life. This volume covers the role of symmetry, information and order (homochrial biomolecules) in the beginning of Life. The models of protocells and the genetic code with gene transfer are important topics in this volume. Three chapters discuss the Panspermia hypothesis (to answer "Are we from outer Space?"). Other chapters cover the Astrobiological aspects of Life in the Universe in extraterrestrial Planets of the Solar System and deal with cometary hydrosphere (and its connection to Earth). We conclude with the history and frontiers of Astrobiogy.
Origins of Life
A biochemist and an astronomer reveal a scientific model that shows how perspectives on first life's beginnings can be tested--as a creation event--with astounding results.
The Origin of Life
Theoretical biology is still in its early stages as an academic discipline. There is even little agreement as to what topics it should deal with or in what manner it should precede; and it is only recently that philosophers felt called upon to notice the relevance of biological topics as evolution or perception to their traditional problems. This work is a publication of the International Union of Biological Sciences, the central organization of all the branches of biology. The main focus here is to explore the possibility of formulating some frame of concepts and methods around which theoretical biology can grow. The intention of this collective effort was that discussions would be concerned, not with the theory of particular biological processes, such as membrane permeability, genetics, and neural activity, but rather with an attempt to discover and formulate general concepts and logical relations characteristic of living as contrasted with inorganic systems. Further, this project is a consideration of implications these might have for general philosophy. Many well-known scientists contributed to this volume, such as J. Maynard Smith, Ernst Mayr, Brian Goodwin, and Renu Thom. The Origin of Life: Toward a Theoretical Biology explores the character of the problems facing any theory of general biology. It contains a series of chapters and exchanges discussing such topics as the origin of life, cellular differentiation, morphogensis, evolution, and indeterminacy in biological and physical systems, the organization of the brain, the statistical mechanics of non-linear oscillators, and many other topics. This is a pioneering volume by recognized leaders in an emerging field--the first of four such works.
Pastor Ted Wilson Shares the Beauty of Creation and Our Loving Creator God
- Pastor Ted Wilson Shares the Beauty of Creation and Our Loving Creator GodCreation Sabbath is on the fourth Sabbath of October every year. This year, it falls on October 24. In this video, Pastor Ted Wilson will remind us that Creation Sabbath is a time to reflect on the beauty of #Creation and of our #Creator.
Inexplicable Life
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Join Professor Tyson on a fascinating investigation of the possible origins of life in the universe. Why was Jupiter believed to be a good environment for life in the 17th century? Why is there only one single "tree of life" on Earth instead of multiple ones? Could life have come from another planet? And what exactly do we mean when we hope to find examples of life that is "intelligent"?
The Origin of Life
- Kanopy This link opens in a new windowApply the reality-analyzing tools you've learned in the course to the problem of life. Consider the close connection between life and sunlight. Then look at the startling exception to this rule: the fauna that flourish around volcanic vents in the dark ocean depths. What does this tell us about life's origins?
Online Resources
- "Origin," "Creation," and "Origin of Life" Some Conceptual ConsiderationsThis paper opens by drawing attention to the fact that there is some conceptual confusion with regard to "origin" and "creation." This has its historical roots in the beginnings of modern science and undoubtedly affects our positioning towards the evolutionism/creationism-debate. This article argues that there are relevant ontological, epistemological, thematic, methodological, and logical differences between "origin" and "creation." As a result, the analysis suggests keeping the usage of both concepts strictly quite separate. Creation is not simply another word for origin nor does it stand for an (from a rigid scientific point of view) awkward example of an origin. Irrespective of the apparent similarities as explanatory factors, origin and creation belong to fundamentally different types of concepts. Consequently, "origin of life" and those scientific projects connected to it present themselves as something distinct that neither competes nor meshes with thinking about creation.
- Systems of Creation: The Emergence of Life from Nonliving MatterThe advent of life from prebiotic origins remains a deep and possibly inexplicable scientific mystery. Nevertheless, the logic of living cells offers potential insights into an unknown world of autonomous minimal life forms (protocells). This Account reviews the key life criteria required for the development of protobiological systems. By adopting a systems-based perspective to delineate the notion of cellularity, we focus specific attention on core criteria, systems design, nanoscale phenomena and organizational logic. Complex processes of compartmentalization, replication, metabolism, energization, and evolution provide the framework for a universal biology that penetrates deep into the history of life on the Earth. However, the advent of protolife systems was most likely coextensive with reduced grades of cellularity in the form of simpler compartmentalization modules with basic autonomy and abridged systems functionalities (cells focused on specific functions such as metabolism or replication). In this regard, we discuss recent advances in the design, chemical construction, and operation of protocell models based on self-assembled phospholipid or fatty acid vesicles, self-organized inorganic nanoparticles, or spontaneous microphase separation of peptide/nucleotide membrane-free droplets. These studies represent a first step towards addressing how the transition from nonliving to living matter might be achieved in the laboratory. They also evaluate plausible scenarios of the origin of cellular life on the early Earth. Such an approach should also contribute significantly to the chemical construction of primitive artificial cells, small-scale bioreactors, and soft adaptive micromachines.
Origin of Terrestrial Life
- Kanopy This link opens in a new windowFor something to be "living," it generally must use energy to drive chemical reactions, be capable of reproduction, and undergo some degree of evolution. Sort through science's best educated guesses for how and why life sprang from nonliving matter. Watch an animation of protocells growing and splitting to replicate genetic information.