OPERA (WOMEN IN)Because of the need for female voices, women opera singers have enjoyed prominent and lucrative careers for centuries. Successful prima donnas experienced fame and fortune that was not typically enjoyed by women in other musical realms. The careers of hundreds of women opera singers from the 17th and 18th centuries have been documented, including Faustina Bordoni, Francesca Cuzzoni, Gertrud Elisabeth Mara (née Schmeling), Anna Renzi, and Catherine Tofts. During the 19th century, successful divas such as Jenny Lind, Maria Malibran, Wilhelmine Schröder-Devrient, and Pauline Viardot were worshipped by their fans as almost cultlike figures, and enjoyed international celebrity. This pattern continued in the 20th century, with the careers of icons such as Maria Callas, Beverly Sills, and Renata Tebaldi. In the second half of the 20th century, African American women began to appear in leading roles at major opera houses. The world-renowned contralto Marian Anderson did not debut at the Metropolitan Opera until 1955; Anderson was the first black singer on the company's roster. Her career paved the way for a number of other African American singers, including Kathleen Battle, Jessye Norman, and Leontyne Price.
The past decade has seen a number of interesting developments with female opera divas. Some lesbian vocalists have begun to be open about their sexuality, such as Patricia Racette and her partner, Beth Clayton, who are both eminent opera singers. However, female opera stars still face a number of disturbing issues, particularly regarding their physical appearance. In 2004, the internationally acclaimed soprano Deborah Voigt was fired from a contract at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, because she was deemed too overweight to fit into a costume (a slim black dress) designed for a production of Ariadne auf Naxos. Voigt subsequently chose to undergo gastric bypass surgery, which resulted in her losing more than 100 pounds. After her operation, she not only performed in Salome (an opera famous for its risqué “Dance of the Seven Veils”), but also returned to Covent Garden to perform the role she had been fired from four years earlier....