Resources
- Volcanoes, Explained: National GeographicThese fiery peaks have belched up molten rock, hot ash, and gas since Earth formed billions of years ago.
- Volcano Hazards: USGSThere are 161 potentially active volcanoes in the U.S. The mission of the USGS Volcano Hazards Program is to enhance public safety and minimize social and economic disruption from volcanic unrest and eruption. We accomplish this by delivering effective forecasts, warnings, and information about volcano hazards based on scientific understanding of volcanic processes.
Research & Reference
- Height of select volcanoes worldwideThe tallest volcano on Earth is the Mauna Loa in Hawaii, United States at 4,169 meters (9,170 feet). The Mauna Loa is an active shield volcano and its lava eruptions are silica-poor and very fluid. The only volcano larger than the Mauna Loa is the Tamu Massif, located under water, and is now extinct.
- Volcano: Credo ReferenceA Credo Reference landing page on volcanoes. This page includes links to reference works, journal articles, and a mind map.
Volcanic Eruptions
Iceland, Indonesia, South America, the Reunion Island... The threat of volcanic eruptions never ceases to hound those who have chosen to live at the feet of volcanos on continents the world over. This documentary series focuses on the science behind natural catastrophes and helps audiences to understand these spectacular moments of Earth's anger.
Source: Kanopy
Perspectives
Encyclopedia of Volcanoes
This 2nd fully revised and updated edition provides a comprehensive source of information on the multidisciplinary influences of volcanic eruptions--both destructive and beneficial.
The Year Without Summer
Like Winchester'sKrakatoa,The Year Without Summer reveals a year of dramatic global change long forgotten by history In the tradition ofKrakatoa,The World Without Us, andGuns, Germs and Steelcomes a sweeping history of the year that became known as 18-hundred-and-froze-to-death. 1816 was a remarkable year--mostly for the fact that there was no summer. As a result of a volcanic eruption in Indonesia, weather patterns were disrupted worldwide for months, allowing for excessive rain, frost, and snowfall through much of the Northeastern U.S. and Europe in the summer of 1816. In the U.S., the extraordinary weather produced food shortages, religious revivals, and extensive migration from New England to the Midwest. In Europe, the cold and wet summer led to famine, food riots, the transformation of stable communities into wandering beggars, and one of the worst typhus epidemics in history. 1816 was the yearFrankenstein was written. It was also the year Turner painted his fiery sunsets. All of these things are linked to global climate change--something we are quite aware of now, but that was utterly mysterious to people in the nineteenth century, who concocted all sorts of reasons for such an ungenial season. Making use of a wealth of source material and employing a compelling narrative approach featuring peasants and royalty, politicians, writers, and scientists,The Year Without Summer by William K. Klingaman and Nicholas P. Klingaman examines not only the climate change engendered by this event, but also its effects on politics, the economy, the arts, and social structures.
Volcanoes 101 | National Geographic
About 1,500 active volcanoes can be found around the world. Learn about the major types of volcanoes, the geological process behind eruptions, and where the most destructive volcanic eruption ever witnessed occurred.
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNGUdObDoLk