Musical: film musicalEssentially the invention and hallmark of the United States, and of Broadway, New York in particular. Though The Jazz Singer (1927) was not by any means the first film to be accompanied by music, it is nevertheless classified as the first film musical as well as the ‘talkie’ that made the breakthrough for synchronous sound. The first all-talking, all-singing, all-dancing film was The Broadway Melody (1929).
Colour in musicals was used with earliest success in The Wizard of Oz (1939).The heyday of the musical stretched glitteringly from the 1930s to the end of the 1950s, when vastly increased production costs and the decline in mass audiences made musicals uneconomical. They were replaced in their extravagance with musical stories such as Oklahoma! (1955), West Side Story (1961) and My Fair Lady (1964), with The Sound of Music (1965) capping all at the box office. Imitations failed, though Cabaret (1972) proved that old forms and old patterns could be creatively extended; while, against the odds, Moulin Rouge (2000), directed by the Australian Baz Luhrmann, proved both a critical and a box-office success.
animation to an extent came to the rescue of the film musical, particularly with younger audiences in mind (Help! I'm a Fish, 2000 and Shrek, 2001). Stage classics such as Chicago (2002), Phantom of the Opera (2004), Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber (2007), Les Misérables (2012) and Billy Elliot: The Musical (2014), made successful transitions to the screen.