Tesla, Nikola (1856-1943)Serbian-born US physicist and electrical engineer who was one of the great pioneers of the use of alternating-current electricity. In particular, he invented the alternating-current induction motor and the high-frequency coil that bears his name.
Tesla was born at midnight between 9 and 10 July 1856 in Smiljan, Croatia (then part of Austria-Hungary). His father was a priest of the Serbian Orthodox Church. Tesla was very clever as a child and grew up with a liking for writing poetry and experimentation. It was intended that he should follow his father and become a priest, but Tesla developed an interest in scientific pursuits while he was at the Real Gymnasium in Karlovac. On leaving school he studied engineering at the Technical University at Graz, Austria. In 1880 he went to the University of Prague to continue his studies but the death of his father caused him to leave without graduating.
In 1881, Tesla went to Budapest as an engineer for a telephone company and a year later took up a similar position in Paris. He went to the USA in 1884, and worked for Thomas Edison for a year before setting up on his own. From 1888, Tesla was associated with the industrialist George Westinghouse, who bought and successfully exploited Tesla's patents, leading to the introduction of alternating current for power transmission. Tesla became a US citizen in 1889, and after 1892, when his mother died, became increasingly withdrawn and eccentric. In 1912 both he and Edison were proposed for the Nobel Prize for Physics but Tesla refused to be associated with Edison, who had conducted an unscrupulous campaign for the adoption of direct current. In the event, neither received the prize. Tesla neglected to patent many of his discoveries and made little profit from them. He lived his last years as a recluse and died in New York on 7 January 1943...